英语、汉语句子中有什么语法

名词性从句:宾语从句,同位语从句,表语从句和主语从句.
形容词性从句:定语从句.
副词性从句:状语从句.
EG:The girl,whose name is Kate,is the top of the studengs in our school.
EG:The reason why(for which)he failed,the exams was not that he did not study hard,but that he was to careless.
EG:As we all known,he is famous for his novels.

定语从句（I'm the one who has long hair.修饰名词或代词） 宾语从句（I don't know what to do,作宾语） 被动句（It is called apple．“它被叫做苹果”，表被动意义）