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ENGLISH – THE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE
THE BACKGROUND

Illiteracy in the Middle Ages was common. When one king needed to communicate with another, he would hire a scribe to draw the message in written language. It is well known the fact that Charlemagne (8th century) was illiterate. The unavailability of printing made writing systems non-standard and complex. The art of writing was a professional skill not available to everyone. That is perhaps one of the reasons why the Portuguese expedition with Pedro Álvares Cabral in command brought Pero Vaz de Caminha as the official writer.

By 1700, Europe's literacy rate ranged from 30 to 40 percent; by 1850, 50 to 55 percent; and by the second half of the 19th century writing became a basic qualification in the human societies. In the 20th century illiteracy became definitely an ailment in any field, in any profession. Today an illiterate person in a developed country is an outcast.

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