专业论文nana进!

来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/04/20 22:46:17
4. Discussion

Although there are several studies using micro¬satellites in freshwater fishes (e.g. Zheng et al., 1995 Crooijmans et al., 1997; Brunner et al., 1998; Wenburg et al., 1998; Chenuil et al., 1999, Wu et al., 1999; Estoup et al., 2000), this paper represents their first application to the conservation of an Iberian freshwater fish. Find¬ings revealed high genetic diversity in A. hispanica, not only as a marked differentiation among populations, but also by the high allelic diversity found within each population. As is the case for other endangered species, including freshwater fish (Pope et al., 1996; Gibbs et al., 1997; Wenburg et al., 1998; Brunner et al., 1998), these populations are markedly fragmented with substantial genetic divergence. The high levels of genetic diversity detected within and among A. hispanica populations suggest that the observed fragmentation and reduction in size of the different populations during the last two decades have not i

4. 讨论
尽管已经有几个淡水鱼类微卫星研究的报道(e.g. Zheng等, 1995 Crooijmans等, 1997; Brunner等, 1998; Wenburg等, 1998; Chenuil等, 1999, Wu等, 1999; Estoup等, 2000), 本文则是首次报道该方法在伊比利亚淡水鱼保护中的应用. 发现表明西班牙鱥有很高的遗传多样性, 不仅种间存在着明显分化，而且每一种群内部也发现了很高的等位基因多样性。其他濒危物种包括淡水鱼也是如此(Pope等, 1996; Gibbs等, 1997; Wenburg等, 1998; Brunner等, 1998), 这些种群明显有带有实际遗传距离的分化.西班牙鱥种内和种间检测到的高水平的遗传多样性表明过去20年中观察到的不同种群的分化和种群规模的减退对于遗传变异水平没有影响。
A´ lamo种群采集的鱼明显具有平均较低的等位基因数量和高的杂合度. 这些值表明的可能的瓶颈效应 (Luikart和Cornuet, 1998)与从高污染区域例如A´ lamo的上游分离的少数种群相一致.
西班牙鱥的栖境偏好是高度特异的(Ribeiro等, 2000), 这可能会造成种群的片断化并造成较低的扩散能力.灌溉区内河流之间的少量基因漂流也在鲤鱼中的鳅形美洲雅罗鱼和光鱥中观察到, 这些鱼类局限在某些特定的栖境中生存 (Tibbets和Dowling, 1996). 所有采样的种群都含有特有的等位基因，这些等位基因是受限制的扩散的象征。Odeleite和Ardila种群被发现有最高数量的特有等位基因。事实上，根据以前的mtDNA 数据(Alves等, 2001)，Odeleite种群已经被列入进化上具有显著意义的单元. Ardila种群与Odeleite种群分化距离最大(最高的配对FST值), 显示出最高比例的种群特异性等位基因。它代表西班牙鱥最东部的种群，而且表现出最低的杂合度值。

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