a little,a little of,a lot of,little的区别

much,many,表示很多,前者用于形容词比较级及不可数名词,后者用于修饰可数名词;例:
It's much easier now; There're much water in the tank; I have many books;

some, any,表示一些,前者用于肯定陈述及委婉请求,后者用于否定句及一般疑问句;例:
I have some books; Would you like some coffee? I don't have any books; Is there any coffee in your cup?

a lot of, 相当于much,more的化身,但仅用于修饰名词,当后面接形容词比较级时,应为a lot;例:
There is a lot of water in the tank; There'are a lot of books in my room; I'm a lot better now, thanks.

more, 为much和many的比较级,后接名词(可数或不可数均可),或形容词;例:
I have more books than him. I have more coffee than him; The book is more expensive.

plenty of稍微复杂一点,用于口语表达时修饰不可数名词的程度而非数量多一些,但它也可以修饰可数名词,只是情况稍少些;

a little, a few就没什么好说了吧,"一些",分别接不可数、形容词和可数名词~例:
I have a little money; I'm a little hungry； I have a few books。

想必你是新学，可以多看几个例句，理解一下。

希望有所帮助。
参考资料：Mark is no second.

a lot很多,十分,只能修饰动词或形容词
a bit/a little只能修饰动词或