什么叫同位语？（英语）

一、同位语的引导方式

1．通常用逗号将同位语与其所修饰的先行词隔开，表示一种普通的同位关系。如：

A．This is Mr．Black，director of our hospital．

B．She is a good teacher，the friend of yours．

2．有时也可用破折号或冒号引导同位语，用破折号，停顿较长，对同位语起强调的作用；用冒号，停顿最长，强调的作用更大。

A．The orphan's daily necessities—clothes，food， etc．—are supplied by a kind-hearted teacher．

B．In a sense nouns can be divided into two kinds：the countable noun and the uncountable noun．

3．有时同位语之前带有引导词，表示同位成分之间的特殊意义。常见的同位语引导词有as，or，chiefly， especially，for example，for instance，in short，mainly，mostly，namely，that is，in particular，in other words，including， that is to say，such as，say，particularly，what，which，who，when，where， why，how，that，whether等。例如：

A．There remains only one problem，namely who they should send to head the research there．

B．Did he give you a pound，or a hundred pence？

C．A lot of people here，for example，John，would rather have coffee．

D．I have no idea