with和现在分词能合在一起表伴随吗？

有错， 不会有 with ：
A boy came out holding a big bunch of flowers.

with 的意思 = 跟，跟着， 肯定不能和 动词 + ing (present participle)在一起用

YES!

一.分词总介:
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式

现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行"，过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。

1、 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。

分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。

（1）现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.

（2）过去分词Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.

2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词"结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。

When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every ef