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来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/06/09 08:46:07
人力资本的效用(或称使用价值)是其为企业所创造的价值,其使用成本则既包括劳动力的报酬,也包括其对实物资本的浪费、效率低下、机会的丧失等造成的经济损失,两者的差额大于市场平均值的部分称为人力资本的超额效用。由于资本与劳动在市场中力量的不对称性,它们之间所签定的契约是不完备契约,企业由此而形成对人力资本的垄断,进而占有其超额效用,这正是企业商誉的来源。商誉的形成与维护受企业内部以及外部多种因素的制约。企业的商誉每期都会发生增减变化、也会不停地被耗费,因此其计量与摊销的年限都应是有限的。每个企业努力提高其商誉的结果是社会劳动生产率得到提高,但总有一半左右的企业其商誉为负。 21世纪,知识和技术将成为经济生活的主导因素。知识经济,这一不久前多数人尚为陌生的词汇正通过各种媒体进入人们的视野,它昭示着一场正在酝酿中的生产力的革命以及未来世纪的经济格局,而人力资源作为生产力的主要构成要素必将在其中发挥举足轻重的作用。在知识经济的时代里,企业要想顺利地生存和发展,必须在人力资源方面拥有绝对的优势,这就要求其对自身人力资源进行有效地管理、开发和利用,而人力资源或其表现形式——人力资本与企业商誉之间则存在着某种内在联系。本文试从新古典经济学的角度,就人力资源(或人力资本)与商誉的关系、商誉的本质以及商誉的会计处理等有关问题展开讨论,以求找到管窥商誉本质的新视角。为此,我们先从人力资源和人力资本的概念说起。
关键词:人力资本;人力资源;企业商誉

Human capital's effectiveness (or said that use value) is it the value which creates for the enterprise, its use cost already includes the labor force the reward, also includes it to the physical capital waste, the efficiency to be low, the opportunity loses and so on economic loss which creates, both's difference is bigger than the market mean value the part to be called the human capital to exceed the quota effectiveness. Because the capital and the work in the market the strength dissymmetry, between them evaluate the contract is the incomplete contract, the enterprise forms from this to the human capital monopoly, then holds it to exceed the quota effectiveness, this is precisely the enterprise goodwill origin. Goodwill formation and maintenance enterprise interior as well as exterior many kinds of factor restrictions. Enterprise's goodwill each issue can have the fluctuation change, also meet does not stop is consumed, therefore its measurement and the amortization