spend与cost的主要区别和用法

sb spend money/time
(sb spend time in doing sth)
sth cost sb money
如：
He spent 20 yuan on the bag.
The bag cost him 20 yuan.

spend;cost;take;pay;pay for

spend, cost, take, pay和pay for都可以翻译成"花费"的意思，但各自的含义不同。

①spend的主语必须是"人"，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等，其后用on+名词或用(in)+动名词形式，不接不定式。如：

He spends too much money on books.他平时将很多钱用在买书上。

He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car.他花了很多钱买了一辆新车。

Every morning he spends half an hour on English.每天早晨他用半小时读英语。(句中on English可与(in) reading English替换)

②cost的主语必须是"物"或"事"，表示"费用"、"耗费"，后接life, money, health, time等，侧重于"花费"的代价。如：

That one mistake almost cost him his life.那个错误几乎让他丧命。

The book cost him one dollar.这本书花了他一美元。

It costs you twelve pounds to go to London by ship.乘船到伦敦要12英磅。

Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.做这样的实验要花很多钱。