高手在哪里~~~ 关于二语习得的 第三部分

来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/06/06 01:00:34
例如,英语就句法结构来讲属于形合,即其子旬要
通过关联词的连接来表示相互的关系,因此多见复合旬
和复杂旬。而汉语属于意合,是通过动词来表示相互关
系的,因此多见简单句。在以汉语为母语的英语学习者
的中介语中常会出现学习者对简单旬的过度使用,虽然
合乎语法但有失地道。再如,汉语属于代词参数省略语
(pro-drop parameter),因此在汉语中多见主语省略
旬,在有字数限制的诗句中尤为明显,而英语则相反,属
于非代词参数省略语(non-pro-drop paramet er),不允
许主语的省略,即使在主语累赘需后置的情况下也应有
形式主语填补空缺。牛津大学教授大卫•霍克斯(Dvi d
I-tx~kes)在将杜甫《春望》一诗中的“感时花溅泪,恨别
鸟惊心”英译时就曾译成“qlae fl over s Shed tear s of
gri ef for the t roubl ed tints/and the bi rds S eem
st artl ed aS if the angm sh of s eparati on.” 他把
flov~rs和bi rds作为主语,完全误解了杜甫的诗意。其
实,这两句诗原意是“想起时事,连见了花也叫人落泪;
和家人分离久了,听到鸟声也叫人心神不安”,这里的
“见了”、“听到”前面省掉了主语“我”,即诗人自己。
当负迁移发生时,学习者自身语言能力(普遍语
法)积极作用中介语,在二语语料输入的条件下开始对
参数不符的原则进行重新定值。
例如,代词参数省略(pro-drop paran~t er)有“省
略”和“非省略”两种参数设定。是否允许代词省略或零
主语(nul1 Subj edt)是语言个性差异的一个标志。如法
语和英语属于非代词参数省略语;西班牙语、意大利语、
阿拉伯语、汉语、日语则属于代词参数省略语。嘶i t e
(1985,1986)对母语分别为西班牙语、意大利语(代词
脱落语)和法语(非代词脱落语)的英语学习者进行了

For example, in term of syntactic structure, English pertains to Hypotaxis, the clauses require a relative conjunction to link up in order to show the mutual relationship; therefore, it is often in the form of composite sentences and complex sentences. In the case of Chinese, it pertains to Parataxis and the mutual relationship is demonstrated by the use of verbs; therefore, it is often in the form of simple sentences. Excessive use of simple sentences always prevails in the interlingua of English learners whose mother tongue is Chinese, although it conforms to grammar, it is lacking in pureness. Another example, Chinese belongs to pro-drop parameter, so the subject is often omitted in the sentence; this is especially evident in poems with word restriction. English is exactly the opposite, it is non pro-drop parameter; the subject is not allowed to be omitted, even in the case of encumbrance where the subject needs to be in the post position, a form subject should be used to fill th