高中英语，麻烦帮忙翻译

来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/17 21:52:28
In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy, a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfound-land with its crew desperately ill. The men’s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors’ diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors.

Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A,B,C,D, and so on. D

在早期的航海旅行中，海员们只能以鲜肉和饼干作为他们的食物，大部分的海员都死于坏血病，一种使牙龈肿大的血液疾病，皮肤上会出现铅白色的半点，最后衰竭而亡。1935年的一次航行中，一艘全体船员都眼中患病的英国船只登上了一片新陆地，当地的印第安人用一种蔬菜的叶子治好了他们的病，他们逐渐认识到坏血病是由于海员的平时的饮食当中缺乏某种物质所引起的。在他们发现澳大利亚和新西兰的一次长途航行中，他们更加确定了：在日常饮食中加上新鲜的水果可以防止坏血病的发生。
如今人们都认识到，即使日常饮食中没有有害的物质，但由于某些重要元素的流失，也会导致疾病的产生。这些重要的元素即是“维他命”。其中有一部分已经为人所熟知，并用字母来分类，例如A.B.C.D等。不同的疾病都会与一些不同的维他命有联系。蔬菜和新鲜水果中富含维他命，可以有效的抵抗感冒及流行性感冒。
混合的膳食，水果类，绿叶蔬菜提供了一个健康的身体所需的维他命。除非人们想要节食，或者由于宗教的禁食限制.减肥期等，才需要一些特殊的方式来补充维他命的流失。
节食的另外一种危险是会引起脚气病，此类疾病曾使生活在东方，以大米为主食的人们饱受苦恼。在那个世纪有个叫艾克曼的荷兰科学家曾试着找出脚气病的根源，最初他发现脚气病是由真菌传播的。