用英文回答索绪尔的主要观点以及后人对他的发展

Saussure's theory of general linguistics learned there is no doubt thinking of our predecessors, we are from his discourse can feel that the ancient Greek philosophy of Aristotle, 17,18 century rationalist philosophy and language General Linguistics Humboldt pioneer the concept of language forms, and so on, have a great impact on him. The grammar school of contemporary youth, especially Paul linguistics psychological concepts, it can be said that the language of social and psychological Saussure an important source of ideas. Does he understand the Polish linguist博杜恩• Germany • Kurds inside (J. Baudouin de Courtenay) of the phoneme thinking, we can not tell, but the idea has two things in common. In addition, the U.S. linguist-hui Courtenay (William Dwight Whitney ,1827-1894) the language of the impact of Saussure's concept is very direct. Courtenay-hui early learning Sanskrit, Germany in 1850 to study linguistics. His forward to the 1867 "Language and Langua