UC知道接前面问题
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/05/16 13:29:47
Discerning stuctural and functional aspects can make another division within the science of ecology. In studying the structual relationshiops (e.g. the occurrence of various plant and animal species in a particular non-living environment), description of pattern and progress is prevalent. In studying the functional aspects (e.g. the flow of energy from the sun through plants, herbivores and carnivores), measuring of flows and input-output relations is relevant, Often structural ecology is rather descriptive, while functional ecology tends to be experimental.
Man is an organism. As such, his relationships with the environment are objects of study to the science of ecology. However, because of the importance of cultural aspects in the existence of Homo sapiens, human ecology is often seen as a separate discipline. This does not imply that some basic concepts would not be applicable to our species.
In human ecology, the division into biotic ecology and social ecology is of
Man is an organism. As such, his relationships with the environment are objects of study to the science of ecology. However, because of the importance of cultural aspects in the existence of Homo sapiens, human ecology is often seen as a separate discipline. This does not imply that some basic concepts would not be applicable to our species.
In human ecology, the division into biotic ecology and social ecology is of
根据结构和功能方面的不同，生态科学中还可以再分出不同的部门。在研究构成关系时（比如：各种动植物在一个特定非生物环境下的出现率），对规律和进展的描述是首要的。在研究功能方面（比如：从太阳到植物、草食动物和肉食动物的能量流动），流量和输入-输出的测量是首要的。通常，结构生态学（structural ecology）是描述性的，而功能生态学（functional ecology）偏向于实验性。
人类是生物体。因此，他同环境的关系是生态科学的课题。但是，由于人类（Homo sapiens）在文化方面的重要性，人类生态学（human ecology）通常被认为是一个分开的领域。这并不意味一些基本概念对我们这个物种不适用。人类生态学通常又被划分为生物生态学（biotic ecology）和社会生态学（social ecology）。生物生态学研究人类对环境影响的反应，特别是毒物、噪音、辐射等。社会生态学是关于人类群体同他们的环境之间的关系的规律和进程，诸如：像道路等交通系统的使用或一个城镇中由于结构的发展而产生的居住情形。基本上来说，人类生态学可以被认为是个体生态学中，文化方面占有相对重要的一种。人类生态学应用社会科学的理论和概念，而生态学需要物理、化学和地球科学的贡献。生态学的基本概念可以被认作自然科学和社会科学的连接。
（还好是生态学的，不难。不然就惨了。。。）