在英语短语中a the to 的用法

a是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a为泛指，the特指 a man一个人 the man 这（那）个人
the加形容词表一类人。the还用在乐器，形势，地里名称，运动，国名 机关 报刊前

To
1.向；至；往：She's going to London.她要去伦敦。Turn to the left.向左转。Pisa is to the west of Florence. 比萨在佛罗伦萨的西面。 He has gone to school.他上学去了。
2.(用于表示一系列事物或一段时间的尽头或限度） 直到:from Monday to Friday从星期一到星期五 from beginning to end 从开始到结束。
3.用于表示接受者：Give that to me.把那个给我。I am very greatful to my parents.我很感激我的父母。What have you done to your hair?你把头发怎么搞的？Sorry I diddn't realize you were talking to me.对不起，我不知道你是在跟我说话。
4接触到；针对：He put his hands to his ears.他将两手捂住耳朵。They sat back to back.他们背对背坐着。She made no reference to her personal problems.他没有提及自己的个人问题。
5.达到某种状态：The meat was cooked to perfection.这肉煮得恰到好处。His speech reduced her to tears(=make her cry).他的话令她流泪。
6.(用于引出比较中的另一部分）：I prefer theatre to opera.我喜欢戏剧，甚于歌剧。
7.(用于表示数量）每```等于：How many dollars are there to the euro?多少美元等于一欧元？
8.(用于表示时间）在```之前：It's ten to three.(=ten minutes befo