等哈子用的

来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/12 01:26:24
Renaissance: means revival,revival of interest in ancient greek and roman culture. to get rid of conservatism in feudalist europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.
Romanticism(源于德国): romanticism was a movement in literature,philosophy,music and art , Starting from the ideas of rousseau in france and from the storm and stress movement in germany, Romanticism emphasized indicidual values and aspirations above those of society. As a reaction to the industrial revolution, it looked to the middle ages and to direct contact with nature for inspiration.
Realism(源于法国): in art and literature the term realism is used to identify a literary movement in europe and the united states in the last half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century.

Modernism: modernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all the creative arts,

1The Crusades(圣战,十字军东征):it’s religious wars and the real reason is to rob the resources. In 1071 palestine fell to the armies of the turkish moslems who unlike the arabs attacked the christain pilgrims,killing many of them and sold many others as slaves. News of this kind roused great igdignation among christains in western europe. The result was a serious of holy wars called crusades which went on about 200years. Alought the crusades did not achieve their goal to regain the holy land, they had an important effect on the future of both the east and west.they brought the east into closer contact with the west. And they greatly influenced the history of europe.crusades helped to break down feudalism,which,in turn led to the rise of the monarchies. The western europeans changed many of their old ideas.their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals. The crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in learning and inventions.

　　2Marxi