电流与滑动变阻器的题

来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/06/15 22:17:55
如图所示,A、B间电压一定,当滑片P向左移动置于另一位置时,通过R1、R3两电阻的电流变化量分别为△I1、△I3.则

A.△I1>△I3 B.△I1<△I3

C.△I1=△I3 D.无法判断△Il、△I3哪个大
请说明原因

解:R总=R1+R2‖R3
=R1+R2×R3/(R2+R3)
=(R1×R2+R1×R3+ R2×R3)/(R2+R3)
I(R1)=U/R总
=U/[(R1×R2+R1×R3+ R2×R3)/(R2+R3)]
=(R2+R3)×U/(R1×R2+R1×R3+ R2×R3)
即I(R1)=(R2+R3)×U/(R1×R2+R1×R3+ R2×R3)
-------①,
∵I(R3)×R3=I(R2)×R2并联回路,
I(R2)= I(R3)×R3/ R2,
∵ I(R2)+ I(R3)= I(R1),
∴ I(R3)×R3/ R2+ I(R3)= I(R1),
I(R3)(R3/ R2+1)= I(R1),
I(R3)(R2+R3)/ R2= I(R1),
I(R3)=R2×I(R1)/(R2+R3)--------②
① 代入②得
I(R3)= R2×I(R1)/(R2+R3)
= [R2/(R2+R3)]×(R2+R3)×U/(R1×R2+R1×R3+ R2×R3)
= R2×U/(R1×R2+R2×R3+R2×R3)
I(R3)= R2×U/(R1×R2+R2×R3+R2×R3)--------③
设当滑片P向左移动置于另一位置时R3电阻变为r3 ,总电流为I(r1)r3电流为I(r3)。
则I(r1)=(R2+r3)×U/(R1×R2+R1×r3+ R2×r3)
-------④,
I(r3)= R2×U/(R1×R2+R2×r3+R2×r3)
I(R1)变化量△I1=I(r1)-I(R1) =(R2+r3)×U/(R1×R2+R2×r3++R2×r3)-(R2+R3)×U/(R1×R2+R2×R3+R2×R3)
= U×[(R2+r3)/(R1×R2+R2×r3++R2×r3)-(R2+R3)/(R1×R2+R2×R3+R2×R3)]
△I1= U×[(R2+r3)/(R1×R2+R2×r3++R2×r3)-(R2+R3)/(R1×R2+R2×R3+R2×