about hydrogen~~please help me tranlate tham~thanks a lot

来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/04 17:35:53
(translate by human~)在自然界里，游离态氢很少，化合态氢却很多。氢在水成份里，按质量计算，约占ll％。一切生物的细胞组织成份里都含有氢，石油、天然气和煤里也含有氢。氢气有许多有用的性质，所以有广泛的用途。氢很容易与非金属元素化合，也能形成金属氢化物，在高温下氢能从许多化合物中夺取氧，使氧化物还原。在有催化剂存在时，氢可以和各种有机物化合。故在现代工业生产过程中，日益广泛的采用氢作保护，携带和还原气体，提炼某些稀有金属。金属和合金经过氢气处理可以去掉磷、硫、氧、碳等杂质，提高金属和合金的性能。
此外，氢气用来作一般的燃料，也有十分突出的优点：资源十分丰富，燃烧时发热量多，放出的热量约为同质量的汽油的3倍，生成的产物是水，污染少。所以近年来对氢气作为新型燃料的研究很重视。如逐步推广的氢氧焊接工艺，使得产品的工艺水平提高，成本造价降低，减少环境污染。氢气充分显示了在各种领域广泛．使用的特点。今后如果能在利用太阳能和水制取氢气的技术上有所突破，得到便宜而丰富的氢气，那么，氢气将成为一种重要的新型燃料。总之，随着现代科学技术的进步，工农业生产和国防事业的发展，氢的应用范围，日益扩大，用量亦在迅速增加。

In the nature, free form of hydrogen is rare, hydrogen mainly existed in the combined form instead. Water (H2O) consisted of hydrogen, about 11% of its mass. Every living organism consisted of hydrogen in its constituents. Petroleum, natural gas and town gas also composed of hydrogen.

Hydrogen is useful in many ways, that's why it is widely used. Hydrogen can combined with metals easily with the formation of metalic hydroxides, in high temperature hydrogen will reduced these hydroxides back by binding with oxygen. In the presence of catalyst, hydrogen will bind with organic substances. Hence in the modern technology of chemical industy, hydrogen is widely used for protection, used as carrying or reducing agent, or used for extraction of rare metals. Metals and alloys will be purified and fractionated after processed with hydrogen. During the process, elements like phosphorus, sulphur, oxygen and carbon will be eliminated.

Besides, hydrogen is used as fuels,