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Neurotransmitters and their releaseDr. Paul Patton Required reading: Text: Delcomyn Chapt. 7 CD: Interactive exercises Additional reading: Shepherd Chapt. 6 and 8 The Physiology of Excitable Cells, Fourth Edition D. J. Aidley Cambridge University Press, 1998 Role of Ca2+ and depolarization in transmitter release
Both depolarization and extracellular Ca2+ are prerequisites for release of neurotransmitter
· Blocking an AP in a presynaptic terminal eliminates transmission at that terminal
· Reducing level of extracellular Ca2+ also eliminates transmission
Bernard Katz and Ricardo Miledi 1960's
Studied synaptic function in squid giant axon, pre and postsynaptic terminals large, accessible to intracellular microelectrodes
Experiment
· Impaled pre and postsynaptic terminals with microelectrodes
· Add tetrodotoxin (TTX) to reduce size of AP without eliminating it
· Stimulate presynaptic neuron and record EPSP in postsynaptic neuron
Both depolarization and extracellular Ca2+ are prerequisites for release of neurotransmitter
· Blocking an AP in a presynaptic terminal eliminates transmission at that terminal
· Reducing level of extracellular Ca2+ also eliminates transmission
Bernard Katz and Ricardo Miledi 1960's
Studied synaptic function in squid giant axon, pre and postsynaptic terminals large, accessible to intracellular microelectrodes
Experiment
· Impaled pre and postsynaptic terminals with microelectrodes
· Add tetrodotoxin (TTX) to reduce size of AP without eliminating it
· Stimulate presynaptic neuron and record EPSP in postsynaptic neuron
递质及其releasedr. 保罗顿必读:文:delcomynchapt. 7影音:阅读更多互动练习:牧羊人chapt. 6、8细胞的生理冲动,第四版丁j.aidley剑桥大学出版社、 1998年角色钙、发射机偏极化、外钙释放两个先决条件是释放阻断神经递质●美联社在突触终端,在终端●消灭传染外钙水平降低,也消除了传动贝尔纳Katz和里卡多1960miledi的巨型乌贼轴突研究突触功能、 突触前和大码头、 进入细胞内,突触前微獠牙实验●●终端与微加河豚毒素(TTX),减少鸭无大小铲●刺激神经突触和记录电位电位在突触后神经元●不产生直接影响,因为配的TTX敏感钾通道使细胞膜和Na+交叉、 电压不敏感钠通道●固定金额的TTX,因此造成振幅鸭●少量去极化突触电位●没有造成可察觉的突触膜下压大于45、 突触电位依赖实验●利用潜力较大数额的TTX彻底鸭●单色座码头通过电流通过电极直接导致了更大的去极化, 大发射机和发射机释放ionophoresis释放钙离子注入技术、 带电分子将转入神经●氯化钙,例如目前正电极●适用于电极、 武力推出钙离子电池●控制发病时间,期限,和振幅电流 规范金额及时间Ca2+释放milediKatz和实验用青蛙神经肌肉接头●、 减少钙在突触水平外,直至取消●突触传递使用导入(ionophoresis)适用于精密控制的离子量结果●传送时间只有钙可成功时才动作电位到达轴突终端突触的作用钙●钙离子进入神经元电压敏感钙通道●经鸭昆虫码头 开渠道 为了使钙离子引发●弥漫在神经细胞膜的融合囊泡与细胞内钙●低一级的细胞活跃撤职、 被扣押在质网、线粒体和装订突触囊泡●电子显微镜研究表明突触囊泡无处不特点突触小泡含有神经递质●生化研究表明