什么是补语?补语和表语有什么区别?

来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/05/22 11:04:59
补语和表语,他们有没有什么具体的句型,或是有什么显著的区别啊?

表语很好找的,只要有系动词,跟在系动词后的就是表语,表示主语的特征,状态,身份,类属。主语、系词和表语构成“主系表”结构,其中系词和表语合起来构成谓语。充当表语的有名词,代词,数词,动名词,动词不定式,形容词,副词,现在分词,过去分词,介词短语或从句。
例:He is a teacher.(teacher名)
It is hers.(物主代词hers)
Who is she?(人称代词Who)
Two times three is six.(基数词six)
He was the first to get there.(序数词 the first )
She is very kind.(形容词very kind)
My father is out.(副词out)
His job is to teach.(不定式to teach)
Talking is not doing.(动名词doing)
His speech is surprising.(现在分词surprising)
I am surprised at his speech .(过去分词surprised)
Japan is in the east of Asia.(介词短语in the east of Asia)
That is what I want to say.(从句what I want to say)

常见的系动词有:
(表示身份,状态的)be,(表示变化的)become,get,turn,grow,stay,(表示感觉的)smell,taste,feel,sound,seem,look,appear

补语分为宾语补足语和主语补足语,用以补足主语或宾语的状态、动作、位置等。可以作补语的有:名词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介词短语。

常见的可以带宾补的动词及句型有
call sb/sth sth.
allow/ask/order/tell/teach sb to do sth
see/hear/make/have/watch sb do/doing