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同位语从句的作用是对前面的先行词进行补充说明.
名词后面可以跟同位语从句和定语从句,很多人会混淆.最简单的区别是,
1) 定语从句可应用that,which等引导,而同位语从句只能用that引导.
2) 在同位语从句中, that不做任何成分,只起引导从句的作用.而在定语从句中that / which不但引导从句,而且还要做一个成分(主语,宾语,表语等.)
如: This is the evidence (that/ which) they have found. (这是他们已经找到的证据.)
本句中,that/which引导定语从句,修饰前面的先行词evidence,同时在从句中做have found的宾语.(做宾语时,that/which 可以省略.)

而你的句子中,He told us the news that China has got 32 gold medals in this important game.
从句 China has got 32 gold medals in this important game有完整的主语,谓语,宾语,不缺少任何成分,所以我们可以判断that这儿引导的是一个同位语从句.