UC知道急求高手帮翻译一下这篇英文
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/05/26 16:51:49
DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNING
In the later part of the 19th and early part of the 20th centauries, Geddes applied ecologic principles to organizing cities based on his understanding that "human life and its individual and collective environments, both natural and manufactured, are all intertwined, and that improving cities means understanding them" (Hodge, 1991). His pioneering work in applying scientific principles and methods to planning communities was instrumental in establishing the basis of modern planning as a scientific activity as opposed to producing physical plans. His dictum "no plan before survey" is still relevant today.
In 1915, Thomas Adams articulated a series of basic principles for planning in Canada. He stressed the importance of conserving life and economy when land was developed and through this, ensuring convenience, health and efficiency (Wolf, 1994). He set the tone of planning in Canada and his principles remain useful today.
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In the later part of the 19th and early part of the 20th centauries, Geddes applied ecologic principles to organizing cities based on his understanding that "human life and its individual and collective environments, both natural and manufactured, are all intertwined, and that improving cities means understanding them" (Hodge, 1991). His pioneering work in applying scientific principles and methods to planning communities was instrumental in establishing the basis of modern planning as a scientific activity as opposed to producing physical plans. His dictum "no plan before survey" is still relevant today.
In 1915, Thomas Adams articulated a series of basic principles for planning in Canada. He stressed the importance of conserving life and economy when land was developed and through this, ensuring convenience, health and efficiency (Wolf, 1994). He set the tone of planning in Canada and his principles remain useful today.
Ric
发展规划中的后期,19月上旬的20centauries, geddes应用生态学原理组织城市根据他的了解,"人的生命和个人和集体的环境中, 无论是自然生产的,都交织在一起,并指出,改善城市的手段,了解人"(Hodge等,1991年). 他的开拓性工作,运用科学的原理和方法来规划社区有助于建立基础的现代 规划作为一种科学活动,相对于物质生产计划. 他的名言:"没有计划前调查"是在今天仍然适用. 1915年,亚当斯托马斯阐明了一系列基本原则,规划在加拿大. 他强调,保护生活和经济发展时,土地开发,并通过这方面,确保方便 健康与效率(沃尔夫,1994). 他定下了基调规划在加拿大,他的原则仍然是有用的. 理查森提供了有益的一般性描述规划: 考虑作出的决定,人们应如何使用(或闲置)部分的地球表面, 顾及已知和预期的情况,按照目标和/或标准. 他认为,规划是一种蓄意的进程,为人类的目标与理想的实际安排,在某些 未来的时间点. 这是一个秩序井然的决策程序,以土地使用,应 一项程序,其中的"计划"包括书面的政策和标准提供指导意见(理查森,1989). 规划有密切的关系,与其他领域,例如建筑,工程和测量. 这种关系是显而易见的早期会员城市规划设计院加拿大 先行者,加拿大规划师学会,克劳迪亚从这些学科和其他如科学家 艺术家和雕刻家组成成员(沃尔夫,1994). 规划界发源于努力,这些非规划专业人士都对早期规划活动.