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In the past, the mainstream of manufacturing was mass production, which lends itself to automation. More, recently, consumer demands have made multiproduct, small-lot size production more and more common. This in turn requires a new style of automation, oftern called Flexible Automation or FA. Compared to the automation of individual process steps, automation of whole production systems is much more difficult and introduces new requirements. The reasons companies pursue automation are changing, and a major impetus today is to achieve a more comfortable working place for employees. Another trend in automation today is the growing importance of integrating it into the companywide information syste.
Automation cannot be considered in isolation. TO get full benefit, product designs must be reviewed and changed to facilitate automation. THis chapter provides asystematic approach to reviewing production processes, including human-machine relationships, to optimize the application of