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来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/05/22 06:30:44
Abstract: Natural resources, metals, industrial minerals, water, and soil, are the essential basis for our economy and well-being. We have to know where these raw materials come from and how they are mined. Sustainable development requires the maintenance, rational use and enhancement of natural resources, as well as a balanced consideration of ecology, economy and social justice. Four general rules concerning the implementation of sustainable development for renewable and nonrenewable resources are discussed. Examples of the consumption of selected materials from historical times to the present day are presented, as well as of regional distribution, usage (in contrast to consumption), lifetimes of resources, the supply-and-demand cycle, recycling and substitution in modern times. To fulfill the requirement of sustainable development, the efficiency with which resources are utilized has to be improved. The learning process, often driven by financial rewards, leads from one technology

摘要: 天然的资源,金属,工业的矿物,水和土壤, 是我们的经济必要的基础和安宁。 我们必须知道这些原料来自的地方和他们如何被挖掘。 永续发展需要维护,理性的使用和天然资源的提高 , 连同生态学的被平衡的考虑,经济和社会的正义。 四条般的规则关于可重新开始的和非可重新开始的资源永续发展的落实被讨论。从历史的时代到现今的挑选材料的消费例子被呈现, 连同地方分配,用法 ( 与消费相反) ,资源的终生,补给-和- 在现代内要求周期,再循环和替换。 为了实现永续发展的需求, 效率由于哪一资源被利用必须被改良。那学习处理, 被财政酬谢时常驱使,从一种技术到一个比较好的带领,如此增加资源或日用品的使用效率。 学习曲线的例子被讨论。 工业的国家必须为了要在那些区域中避免采矿业的不受欢迎的发展而且避免天然资源的使用 , 把他们的先进技术转移到发展中国家。采矿业的那最好地可得技术的使用, 进入帐户之内轮流经济的考虑,而且如果非可重新开始的资源制造的环境冲击将被减到最少,建立环境的指导方针的需要是必要的。 更紧要关头的超过非可重新开始资源的制造在永续发展的方面和地球的污染物质洗涤槽的能力之下是天然变薄的元素关于资源土壤和水。

牛鼻子字:为采矿业的环境指导方针, 学习程序 , 金属的和能源资源,土壤和水, 永续发展