UC知道求助将本文翻译成中文
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/05/04 19:54:41
Recycling and not maintaining the same quality level
If the quality of the material cannot be maintained in the recycling process, one speaks of downgrading. This is a typical problem in the recycling of plastics. Only in a very few cases, sticking strictly to recycling only one kind of product (PET bottles, for example), has it been
possible to maintain the same quality. Even in the case of metals, the problem of downgrading can occur if a metal with a great variety of different alloys has to be recycled,as for example, in the case of aluminum or nickel. The recycled product is frequently of lower quality than the
original one. The metallurgists call this the recycling spiral. After each recycling stage a lower stage of the spiral, i.e., lower in quality, is reached.
As already mentioned, the recycling of mineral resources that are changed chemically, e.g., the primary materials for cement, also have to be mentioned here. The cement product, concrete, can be only r
If the quality of the material cannot be maintained in the recycling process, one speaks of downgrading. This is a typical problem in the recycling of plastics. Only in a very few cases, sticking strictly to recycling only one kind of product (PET bottles, for example), has it been
possible to maintain the same quality. Even in the case of metals, the problem of downgrading can occur if a metal with a great variety of different alloys has to be recycled,as for example, in the case of aluminum or nickel. The recycled product is frequently of lower quality than the
original one. The metallurgists call this the recycling spiral. After each recycling stage a lower stage of the spiral, i.e., lower in quality, is reached.
As already mentioned, the recycling of mineral resources that are changed chemically, e.g., the primary materials for cement, also have to be mentioned here. The cement product, concrete, can be only r
再造,而不是保持相同的质量水平,如果材料的质量不能维持循环 过程中,一谈起降级. 这是一个典型的问题,在回收的塑料. 只有在极少数情况下,坚持严格再造只有一种产品( PET瓶,比如) 有没有可能保持同样的质量. 即使是金属, 的问题,降级可以发生,如果一个金属种类繁多,不同的合金具有可再生, 举例来说,如铝或镍. 再造产品频频质量远低于原之一. metallurgists的这一呼吁的螺旋式循环. 在每次循环的一个阶段,低级阶段的螺旋,即低质量,是达成. 如上所述,循环利用矿产资源,促进化学变化,例如,初级原料,水泥, 也可以在这里提到. 水泥生产,混凝土,只能回收低质量的目的. 这瀑布在分类回收. 废弃物的废弃物应回收尽可能用来取代其他原发性资源 继第2条调查委员会寻找替代功能为主要消耗材料,如上所述. 各国试图影响回收率的实施措施符合市场经济. 举例来说,德国的废物避免, 回收和处置法( 1994擦窗)区分废弃物再利用和废弃物处置. 废弃物处置受到惩罚,因此提供了诱因,寻找替代品,即以避免或再利用的残留物. 表3显示了再循环率为各种废料在德国. 采用循环再造物料,也可看作是一个因素,为提高工作效率,促进可持续发展的自然 资源. 自然资源等级已经提议(图14 ,韦默尔和Becker屏1999年, 2001年) : 废物从选矿或烧毁价值较高的资源,在此基础上的等级,例如, 粉煤灰从燃煤电厂,可用于制造水泥,取代水泥的主要原料. 未来更高层次分为资源,如建筑材料, 其供货,从地质角度来看,是无限的地壳,而那些因素,如 镁,钾,几乎都存在数量无限的海洋,可以认为,几乎可再生资源. 非能源矿产资源的矿床形成的天然富集,例如金属矿床和非金属矿床 如磷,重晶石,遵循这些.