哪个国家最先征所得税和消费税?

所得税 － 英国在1798首先征所得税（一说是中国在公元10年开始征所得税）
消费税 － 法国在1954首先征消费（增值）税

In the year 10, Emperor Wang Mang of China instituted an unprecedented tax -- the income tax -- at the rate of 10 percent of profits, for professionals and skilled labor. (Previously, all Chinese taxes were either head tax or property tax.) A true income tax was first implemented in Britain by William Pitt the Younger in his budget of December 1798 to pay for weapons and equipment in preparation for the Napoleonic wars. Pitt's new graduated income tax began at a levy of 2d in the pound (0.8333%) on incomes over £60 and increased up to a maximum of 2s (2.5%) on incomes of over £200. Pitt hoped that the new income tax would raise £10 million but actual receipts for 1799 totalled just over £6 million (see UK income tax history for more information).[3] The first United States income tax was imposed in July 1861, 3% of all incomes over 600 dollars (later rescinded in 1872).[4]