UC知道3道eco题，有在国外学习的朋友能帮下么？
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/08 05:34:34
1. “US health-care costs spiral out of control as market-based, for-profit medicine fails to deliver.”（Straits Times, 25 October 2004）
(a)Explain how ‘healthcare services’ may be viewed as a source of market failure.(10)
(b)Assess the policies that the government can adopt to ensure the provision of adequate and affordable health care services. (15)
2. Smoking and the use of cars result in what economists called negative externalities.
(a)Using the given examples, explain the meaning of private and external costs. (10)
(b)Explain and evaluate the policies a government can adopt in response to any one of the above market failures.(15)
3. “Singaporeans love to own cars. We should try to meet as much of such aspirations as possible, but we must be honest and admit that costs are inflicted on other road users every time motorists drive.”
[ Mr Khaw Boon Wan, Senior Minister of State for Trans
我不是外国的，但我发现这些问题的回答实际上都不涉及外国的东西。看题目都是新加坡的大学生考试吧。这三个问题都是有关外部性的问题：public good problem, externalities.
1.a)As a public good, healthcare services will do good to society more than individuals, thus the externality make that supply of private firms will not meet the demand. The market fails.
b)Offering medical insurance is a good way.
2.a)Private cost:smoking-the price of the smoke cigarette;use of cares-The allowances for repairs and maintenance, costs of oil, etc.
social costs: the cost of contamination and harm to others. Cost of traffic. (Cost caused by free-rider problem)
b)Taxes
3.a,private cost only relates personal expenditure;social cost relates to the cost the society (people other than the person himself/herself) has to assume.
b,In this case, the best way is to tax the car and the oils a person uses. The externality can not be completely be eliminated because the degree of free-rider can not be clearly known.