这是英语的基础问题啊

名词，
Men should be brave.
代词，
They have brave hearts.
动名词，
Reading is good for you.
分词短语，
Reading a book can be so much fun.
动词不定式，
To make progress is important.
(It is important to make progress.)

主语可以由以上充当，宾语也可以由以上充当。

动名，代词，介词短语