unless 与if not

来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/05/05 10:11:53
帮我分析一下例句:
I'll be surprised if he doesn't have an accident.(这句可以用unless来换么?为什么)
I'll be back tomorrow unless there's a plane strike.(为句可以用if not来换么?为什么)

unless=if not,怎么区分他们的用法?

第一个不可以.因为它引导的是非真实条件分句.
他没出车祸我才惊讶,但这里表示只是猜测.他还没出车祸.
换成unless就变成他已经出车祸了.
第二个应该可以换.因为使用unless说明飞机失事已经发生了.是事实.

下面是它们的区别,

unless在意义上相当于if…not…,因此在有些场合if…not…可为unless所代替。
但在有些场合又不能互换,我们要注意下面几种情况:
1.当if…not…引导非真实条件分句时,一般不可改用unless。 例如:
If she had not had an alarm clock,she would have missedthe train.(事实:她有闹钟。)
如果把上述例句中的if…not…换成unless,意义就相反了。
(误)Unless she had had an alarm clock, she would havemissed the train.(事实:她没有闹钟)
2.If…not…引导的条件分句可以重叠使用,unless则不可, 因为unless表示唯一条件。例如:
She won't lose weight if she doesn't keep a diet and ifshe does not take exercise every day.
3.unless引导的分句可用否定结构,而if…not …引导的分句不可再否定。例如:
Don't ask me to explain unless you really don't understand.
The directors have a meeting every Friday,unless there is nothing to discuss.
以上两例句中的unless不可换成if…not…。
4.在unless引导的肯定形式的条件分句中, 通常用肯定词(即some,already,still,too,as well等),在if…not…引导的分句中,通常用非肯定词(即any,yet,ever,either,at