公元前1334-前1323年的叙利亚与努比亚

叙利亚

叙利亚有四千多年历史。公元前3000年就有原始的城邦国家存在。公元前8世纪被亚述帝国征服。公元前333年，马其顿军队入侵叙利亚。公元前64年被古罗马人占领。7世纪末并入阿拉伯帝国的版图。

努比亚

是埃及尼罗河第一瀑布阿斯旺与苏丹第四瀑布库赖迈之间的地区的称呼。（约前22世纪至前16世纪），第十二王朝时期埃及逐渐将尼罗河第二瀑布以北的地区占为己有。在此期间在今天的上努比亚建立了今天所知的第一个黑色非洲国家。埃及中王朝时期末（约前1750年左右）这个国家甚至占领了下努比亚，其边境一直延伸到埃及本土边上。约前1500年新王朝时期的法老占领了努比亚，一直到尼罗河第五瀑布。一直到约前11世纪埃及人占领努比亚。当地的居民的文化被同化。

During the second millennium BC, Syria was occupied successively by Canaanites, Phoenicians, and Arameans as part of the general disruptions and exchanges associated with the Sea Peoples. The Hebrews eventually settled south of Damascus, in the areas later known as Israel and Judah; the Phoenicians settled along the coast of Palestine, as well as in the west (Lebanon), which was already known for its towering cedars. Egyptians, Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians and Hittites variously occupied the strategic ground of Syria during this period; the land between their various empires being marsh. Eventually, the Persians took Syria as