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(2) FDI can improve host country s employment structure
Since equity restrictions in many developing countries have declined, total employment in all firms in which foreigners hold a minority stake is likely to be much higher. Given that some direct investors tend to have more labor-intensive operations, the total employment in firms with foreign participation could be several million. Estimates from the early 1980s and late 1970s provide a total figure for employment in foreign affiliates in a number of developing countries ( including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines) of almost two million, with one half in Brazil alone (UNCTAD, 1999). Such employment has grown since then, which is in line with rising level of foreign investment.
Besides direct employment effect of inward investment on the host country's economy, there also exists indirect impact, which may turn out to be greater and long lasting. It comes from many channels, including
Since equity restrictions in many developing countries have declined, total employment in all firms in which foreigners hold a minority stake is likely to be much higher. Given that some direct investors tend to have more labor-intensive operations, the total employment in firms with foreign participation could be several million. Estimates from the early 1980s and late 1970s provide a total figure for employment in foreign affiliates in a number of developing countries ( including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines) of almost two million, with one half in Brazil alone (UNCTAD, 1999). Such employment has grown since then, which is in line with rising level of foreign investment.
Besides direct employment effect of inward investment on the host country's economy, there also exists indirect impact, which may turn out to be greater and long lasting. It comes from many channels, including
2 。外国直接投资的影响在宏观层面
影响外国直接投资对东道国的国家可以由广义的实际影响和金融的影响。实际影响是指以贡献的外国直接投资的生产部门，可以发现在贸易结构和就业，而金融的影响，我们可以期待在国际收支平衡表，由于外国直接投资。
（ 1 ）的影响，外国直接投资对东道国的贸易结构
其中一个最明显的潜在好处的外国直接投资是在出口部门的主办国，作为跨国公司的发展，任何时候都更精致的国际告劳动。需要之间的密切互动子公司和母公司的所有阶段生产很难当地的一家公司对自己提供先进的中间投入，以坚定的，从另一个国家。广泛地说，以出口为导向的外国直接投资对哪些产品进行销售的外国市场很可能（ 2 ）外国直接投资可以改善东道国s就业结构
由于股权的限制，在许多发展中国家下降，但总就业人数在所有企业中，外国人持有少数股权很可能会高得多。鉴于部分直接投资者往往有更多的劳动力密集型的业务，总就业人数在公司与外国公司参与，可以几百万。估计，从80年代初和20世纪70年代末提供一个总的数字，在就业的外国子公司在一些发展中国家（包括阿根廷，巴西，智利，印度尼西亚，马来西亚，和菲律宾）几乎200.0万，其中一半在巴西单（贸发会议， 1999年） 。这样的就业增长自那时以来，这是符合上升的水平，外国投资。
除了直接就业的影响，外来投资对东道国的经济，也有存在的间接影响，这可能又是更大的和持久的。它来自许多渠道，包括购买货物和服务，从本地的公司和最重要的是，从影响外来投资。
在一个经济体系的运作水平，充分就业，为