UC知道翻译土木工程专业英语，谢谢
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/24 08:41:42
11．One of the first major tunnels built through rock was the Mont Cenis Tunnel in the Alps between France and Italy. It is fourteen kilometers long and was built between 1857 and 1871. When construction began on it, progress was only twenty-two centimeters a day. Fortunately, the pneumatic drill, which uses compressed air to bore holes in rock, was invented a few years after construction began. Thereafter, the tunneling speed was increased to two meters a day. Like most tunnels, the Mont. Cenis was bored from two different headings, one in France and one in Italy, which met in the middle.
12．Another technique that has come into wide use in recent years is the immersed-tube system. In this technique a channel is dredged along the line of the tunnel, in other words, silt is pumped out of the waterbed. Piles are then driven along the channel, and prefabricated sections of the tunnel are lowered into place on to the piles. The tunnel sections are closed by temporary faces that
12．Another technique that has come into wide use in recent years is the immersed-tube system. In this technique a channel is dredged along the line of the tunnel, in other words, silt is pumped out of the waterbed. Piles are then driven along the channel, and prefabricated sections of the tunnel are lowered into place on to the piles. The tunnel sections are closed by temporary faces that
11.One的第一次重大隧道通过内置的岩石隧道塞尼在阿尔卑斯山法国和意大利之间。这是一十四公里长期和1857年之间建立和1871年。当开始建设上，只有进展22厘米一天。幸运的是，风钻，它使用压缩空气钻洞，岩石，是发明了几年之后开始建设。此后，隧道的速度提高到2米的一天。如同大多数隧道，勃朗峰。钻孔Cenis是从两个不同的标题，一个在法国，一个在意大利，满足中。
12.Another技术，已成为广泛使用在最近几年是沉管系统。在这种技术的一个渠道是疏浚线沿线的隧道，换言之，是淤泥抽出的水床。桩，然后带动沿线通道，和预制节隧道降低到地方上的桩。隧道部分临时关闭了的面孔，被删除后，所有的章节已经组装。之间的一道章节也作了水密在这个阶段的建设。最后，渠道是填补，使隧道更加稳定。在马斯河隧道在鹿特丹是一个沉管。另一个原因是最近开业的管之间的旧金山和奥克兰，加利福尼亚州，为湾区的捷运系统。
13.Before设计和建造一座水坝开始，广泛的调查和研究的网站必须作出，这项调查研究不仅地形特点的地区，而且土壤和岩石样品，以确定地质因素可能会影响到它。液压功能的河流溪涧或正在截流也必须确定，如流量河流在不同的季节。工程师们利用这一信息来计算潜在的水压力。这也是需要研究的网站，看看是否大坝可建造与使用围堰或是否流动的河流必须挪作他用。围堰，正如我们前面提到的那样，是水密桩，形成了从文水可抽。当它是必要的转移河流，一个技术是挖洞的通道（导流洞） ;另一个是挖掘一个临时通道的河流围绕坝址（导流明渠） 。