UC知道请各位帮我翻译一下这篇英语论文（二）
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/07 15:03:31
Even though the meaning of document is not limited only to a paper document, in so far as ocean bills of lading are concerned, the Australian bills of lading legislation may cover bills of lading in paper form since the law requires them to be signed .
As already noted, the English court has held that the database of a computer is a document for the purposes of the High Court rules. This, however, may not satisfy the requirement of ‘writing’. Since the definition of ‘writing’ in the Interpretation Act 1978 (UK) includes ‘typing, printing, lithography, photography and other modes of representing or reproducing words in visible form’, an electronic message itself is not visible and cannot be included in the meaning of ‘writing’. Therefore, if a document is required to be written, such an electronic message is not a document. One observer presents a view that since electronic communication is more common, the word ‘document’ should be more generously construed .
The Model la
As already noted, the English court has held that the database of a computer is a document for the purposes of the High Court rules. This, however, may not satisfy the requirement of ‘writing’. Since the definition of ‘writing’ in the Interpretation Act 1978 (UK) includes ‘typing, printing, lithography, photography and other modes of representing or reproducing words in visible form’, an electronic message itself is not visible and cannot be included in the meaning of ‘writing’. Therefore, if a document is required to be written, such an electronic message is not a document. One observer presents a view that since electronic communication is more common, the word ‘document’ should be more generously construed .
The Model la
即使文件的意义不仅限于书面文件，只要海洋提单而言，澳大利亚的提单立法可能包括提单在纸面形式，因为法律要求他们签署。
如上所述，英文法院举行了该数据库的计算机是一个文件的目的高等法院规则。不过，这可能不能满足要求的'书面' 。自定义的'书面'的解释法1978年（英国）包括'打字，印刷，平版印刷，摄影和其他方式的代表或音响的话，有形的形式，电子信息本身是不可见的，不能列入所指的'书面' 。因此，如果文件是必须的书面，例如电子信息是不是一个文件。一位观察员提出了一个观点，即电子通讯，因为较常见，这个词'文件'应该更慷慨的解释。
该示范法明确赋予电子传输同等的法律地位的著作。第5条规定，在一个法治（国家法律）要求信息须采用书面形式，或提交书面，或规定的某些后果，如果不是这样，一项数据电文符合这一规则，如果所载的资料，方便易得，作为将可用以后的参考。
2.1.3签名和其他认证
最常见的形式认证要求的国内法和国际法，是一种手动签字。该功能的签名是非常重要的不仅是因为它验证合同当事人的证据，但也打算将受到法律的约束。认证传输的签字，这表明对受援国和第三方的原产地文件，并打算在党谁的问题的文件。
汉堡规则的规定签字' ，以书面形式印刷，传真，打孔，盖章，符号，或以任何其他机械或电子手段，如果不违反国家的法律在签发提单。大多数条款的澳大利亚提单立法需要一个签字。
回答人可真厉害阿
不过楼主为什么不找翻译公司呢