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来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/05/24 03:46:57
对托收的风险认识
一、托收风险及其损失

从信用角度看,托收是出口商凭进口商的信用收款,属于商业信用。不同的托收种类其风险和损失的程度是不同的。

从跟单托收看,承兑交单风险最大。因为承兑交单对于出口商来说在收到货款之前已经失去了对货物所有权的控制,将完全要依靠进口商的信用来收取货款了。承兑交单的风险损失有:货款的损失、出口商的卖方贷款利息(如果有)、运输费用、办理各种 单证 的费用、银行费用等等。

付款交单风险较小。因为付款交单条件下,只要进口商未付款,物权凭证仍掌握在代收行手中,仍属于出口商所有。但是,这并不等于没有风险损失。如果进口商不来付款赎单,则出口商仍要负担以下诸多损失:出口商的卖方贷款利息(如果有);双程运输费用(如果将货物运回本国处理);在进口国 港口 存仓、保险、支付代理人的费用(如果货物寻求当地处理)以及货物临时处理而带来的价格损失、银行费用等等。

假如托收委托书允许远期付款交单凭信托收据借单,则风险损失如同承兑交单。

光票托收的风险损失是托收款和银行费用。

二、托收风险的来源

托收风险主要来自于:

1、市场风险。

2、进口国环境变化的风险。

3、进口商经营能力的风险。

三、托收风险的防范

1、了解进口国有关政策规定。这些政策与托收业务关系交密切的主要是进口国家的银行(代收行)是否做远期付款交单业务以及如何处理这类业务的;进口国 海关 方面在进口手续、 港口 管理等方面的有关规定;进口国外汇管制方面的有关规定。

2、对进口商的调查,包括进口商的资信情况、经营规模等等。

First, collection of risk and loss

From the credit point of view, the collection of importers, exporters with credit receivables, belong to commercial credit. Collection of different types of risk and the extent of the losses are different.

Entrusted with watching from a single, accepted to pay the largest single risk. Acceptance because the exporters pay a single payment is received prior to the loss of control of ownership of the goods will be entirely dependent on credit to importers to collect the payment. Acceptance of the risk of paying a single loss are: loss of payment, the seller exporters loan interest (if any), transportation costs, the cost of handling a variety of documents, bank charges and so on.

Payment less risk. Since under the conditions of Payment, as long as the importers did not pay property certificate is still in the hands of the hands of collection lines, still belong to all exporters. However, this does not mean that ther