UC知道急求高手翻译下段文字： Apoptosis?
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/18 11:00:12
Apoptosis (from root words meaning “ a falling away from”) is a relatively distinctive and important mode of cell death that should be differentiated from coagulation necrosis . Apoptosis is responsible for the programmed cell death in several important physiologic (as well as pathologic )processes, including: ?
(1) The programmed destruction of cells during embryogeness,as occurs in implantation, organogenesis, and developmental involution. ?
(2) Hormone-dependent physiologic involution, such as the endometrium during the menstrual cycle , or the lactating breast after weaning; or pathologic atrophy, as in the prostate after castration. ?
(3) Cell deletion in proliferating populations , such as intestinal crypt epithelium, or cell death in tumors. ?
(4) Deletion of autoreactive T cell in the thymus,cell death of cytokine-starved lymphocytes, or cell death induced by cytotoxic T cells. ?
Apoptosis usually involves single cells or clusters of
(1) The programmed destruction of cells during embryogeness,as occurs in implantation, organogenesis, and developmental involution. ?
(2) Hormone-dependent physiologic involution, such as the endometrium during the menstrual cycle , or the lactating breast after weaning; or pathologic atrophy, as in the prostate after castration. ?
(3) Cell deletion in proliferating populations , such as intestinal crypt epithelium, or cell death in tumors. ?
(4) Deletion of autoreactive T cell in the thymus,cell death of cytokine-starved lymphocytes, or cell death induced by cytotoxic T cells. ?
Apoptosis usually involves single cells or clusters of
细胞凋亡（从根词，意思是“下降远离” ）是一个相对的独特和重要的细胞死亡方式的，应当区别凝固性坏死。细胞凋亡是负责程序性细胞死亡中的几个重要的生理（以及病理）进程，包括： ?
（ 1 ）方案的破坏细胞embryogeness ，因为发生在植入器官和发展乘方。 ?
（ 2 ）激素依赖性生理乘方，如子宫内膜在月经周期，或哺乳期乳腺癌断奶后;或病理萎缩，如前列腺后阉割。 ?
（ 3 ）细胞增殖缺失的人群，如肠隐窝上皮细胞或肿瘤细胞死亡。 ?
（ 4 ）删除自身反应性T细胞在胸腺细胞死亡因子饿死淋巴细胞或细胞死亡诱导细胞毒性T细胞。 ?
细胞凋亡，通常是指单细胞或细胞群出现的H ＆ Estained节圆形或椭圆形群众强烈嗜酸性细胞。核染色质浓缩，它总量外，核膜下，到以及分隔群众的各种形状和大小。归根结底，核碎裂发生在分子水平上，这些都反映在支离破碎的DNA导入核大小件，大概是通过激活酶。细胞迅速收缩，形成细胞质芽，并片段到凋亡小体组成的膜泡和细胞的胞浆。由于这些碎片迅速挤压和吞噬或退化，大量细胞凋亡，可能会出现前病变是病理辨认。此外，细胞凋亡不会引起的炎症反应，进一步阻碍了承认。 ?