UC知道求翻译，，，急急急
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/05/31 11:21:53
The Concept of a Joint Criminal Enterprise and Domestic Modes of Liability for Parties to a Crime
The concept of a Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) has become a useful tool in international criminal law. It allows courts to hold individuals criminally liable for group activities to which they have contributed in a criminally relevant way. The concept allows for an attribution of criminal responsibility of unforeseen consequences of such group activities, and it seems to enable the prosecution and the courts to extend criminal liability to high-level perpetrators that use subordinated persons for their criminal aims. The advantages of such a tool are obvious since the crimes under international criminal law are mostly of a systematic, large-scale and collective character, while domestic criminal law mainly deals with less complex crimes that are normally committed by individuals who can easily be linked to the crime. Due to this empirical or criminological fact, it seems logical tha
The concept of a Joint Criminal Enterprise (JCE) has become a useful tool in international criminal law. It allows courts to hold individuals criminally liable for group activities to which they have contributed in a criminally relevant way. The concept allows for an attribution of criminal responsibility of unforeseen consequences of such group activities, and it seems to enable the prosecution and the courts to extend criminal liability to high-level perpetrators that use subordinated persons for their criminal aims. The advantages of such a tool are obvious since the crimes under international criminal law are mostly of a systematic, large-scale and collective character, while domestic criminal law mainly deals with less complex crimes that are normally committed by individuals who can easily be linked to the crime. Due to this empirical or criminological fact, it seems logical tha
联合犯罪企业的概念和责任国内各党之间的联系
联合犯罪企业(JCE)的概念成为了在国际刑事诉讼法的有用的工具。 它允许开庭个体犯罪对他们造成用一个犯罪相关的方式分组活动负责。 概念考虑到未预见到的后果，犯罪责任的归属和如何分组活动，并且它似乎使起诉和法院致以犯罪责任对为他们的犯罪目标使用，或有地位的高级犯人。 这样工具的好处是显然的，因为罪行根据国际刑事诉讼法是主要一个系统，大规模和集体字符，而国内刑事诉讼法主要应付较不由人通常犯可能与罪行容易地连接的复杂感。 由于这个经验主义或犯罪学的事实，似乎逻辑责任正常振荡型党的对用于国内刑事诉讼法的罪行需要适应，并且犯罪责任的一项相当广泛的任务次要党的在国际刑事诉讼法被辩解。 这篇文章寻求通过承担对责任国内方式的一个比较分析对这个假定表示怀疑。 一方面，作者打算显示JCE的概念在何种程度上是根据党的普通概念对在国内刑事诉讼法的一种罪行。 另个方面，当责任一个独立方式也许带领改善遵照法律原则和单独犯罪责任，从而增加国际刑事诉讼法，合法争论那放弃JCE的想法一些人。
这篇文章的目标将分析责任国内方式党的对罪行与联合犯罪企业相应(JCE)的国际刑事诉讼法概念。 根据责任国内方式的比较研究JCE象活动的，德国和英国法律被选择了作为例子用与普通国法。 因为焦点在国内的法律主要说明，概念和它由国际刑事法庭和检察官的应用不会被谈论。 简而言之， JCE的概念将提到以前南斯拉夫(ICTY)呼吁国际犯罪法庭开放的形式，在JCE三个类别将指JCE 1的Tadi.1， 2和3。 这篇文章不会描述并且不会比较类似JCE，但是不要介入被告单独责任一种具体罪行的作为做为主要或辅助，即鼓动和推卸责任的方式。