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Applications of new steel grades in heavy forging
processes, including microalloyed steels, involves a necessity
for more precise design of process technology
[1,2]. In order to obtain a relatively small improvement
in mechanical properties in the whole volume of the
forging while the relatively high level of these properties
is maintained, dies with a special shape must be used [3].
Thus, heavy elongated forgings are usually manufactured
by a free forging process from ingots large enough
to guarantee the necessary level of hot deformation [4].
Proper design of the forging technology requires prediction
of basic process parameters, such as reductions and
temperatures, as well as shape of the dies in subsequent
passes. Preheating temperature before forging is selected
on the basis of the chemical composition of steel. The
remaining technological parameters of the process influence
metal flow and force parame

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