UC知道求机械专业翻译
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/16 03:31:40
STRUCTURAL STEELS
Knowledge of the material properties is a major requirement for the analysis of any structural system. The strength and ductility of a material are two characteristics needed by the designer. These material properties are often described adequately by the stress versus strain relationship for the material. Figure 2.1 shows the stress versus strain relationship that is characteristic of many steels for structural applications. The figure shows the four typical ranges of behavior: the elastic range, the plastic range (during which the material flows at a constant stress), the strain-hardening range, and the range during which necking occurs, terminating in fracture. Generally the initial elastic and yield segments are the most important portions. The following points can be noted in Fig. 2.1:
1. Over an initial range of strain, stress and strain are proportional. The slope of the linear relationship is Young’s modulus, E.
2. After the initiation of yield
Knowledge of the material properties is a major requirement for the analysis of any structural system. The strength and ductility of a material are two characteristics needed by the designer. These material properties are often described adequately by the stress versus strain relationship for the material. Figure 2.1 shows the stress versus strain relationship that is characteristic of many steels for structural applications. The figure shows the four typical ranges of behavior: the elastic range, the plastic range (during which the material flows at a constant stress), the strain-hardening range, and the range during which necking occurs, terminating in fracture. Generally the initial elastic and yield segments are the most important portions. The following points can be noted in Fig. 2.1:
1. Over an initial range of strain, stress and strain are proportional. The slope of the linear relationship is Young’s modulus, E.
2. After the initiation of yield
结构钢
有关材料特性的知识是任何结构系统的主要需求.材料的强度和韧性是设计师需要的两种特性.这些材料特性通常通过材料的应力-应变曲线来进行充分的描述.图2.1所示的应力-应变曲线是许多结构用钢材的典型曲线.该图中显示四个典型阶段:弹性阶段,塑性阶段(材料在衡定应力下发生塑性流动),强化阶段,颈缩阶段,进而最终断裂.一般来说,开始的弹性阶段和屈服阶段是最重要的部分.图2.1中可以体现出以下几点:
1.整个初始阶段,应力和应变是成比例的,这一曲线段的斜率是杨氏模量E.
2.在屈服阶段开始后,有一段较水平的曲线.屈服区域(或者"塑性阶段")的范围是非常重要的.
在平稳段结束后,强化阶段开始,并伴随着强度的持续升高.
= = 水平一般,凑合看吧.