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来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/18 12:30:18
China
One of the oldest examples of a civil service based on meritocracy is the Imperial bureaucracy of China, which can be traced as far back as the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BC). During the Han Dynasty (202 BC–220 AD) the xiaolian system of recommendation by superiors for appointments to office was established. In the areas of administration, especially in the military, appointments would be based solely on merit.
After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the Chinese bureaucracy would regress into a semi-merit system known as the Nine-rank system, yet in this system noble birthright became the most significant prerequisite for one to gain access to more authoritative posts.
This system was reversed during the shortlived Sui Dynasty(581–618), which initiated a civil service bureaucracy recruited by written examinations and recommendation. The following Tang Dynasty(618–907) would adopt the same measures of drafting officials, and would decreasingly rely upon aristocratic recommenda
One of the oldest examples of a civil service based on meritocracy is the Imperial bureaucracy of China, which can be traced as far back as the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BC). During the Han Dynasty (202 BC–220 AD) the xiaolian system of recommendation by superiors for appointments to office was established. In the areas of administration, especially in the military, appointments would be based solely on merit.
After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the Chinese bureaucracy would regress into a semi-merit system known as the Nine-rank system, yet in this system noble birthright became the most significant prerequisite for one to gain access to more authoritative posts.
This system was reversed during the shortlived Sui Dynasty(581–618), which initiated a civil service bureaucracy recruited by written examinations and recommendation. The following Tang Dynasty(618–907) would adopt the same measures of drafting officials, and would decreasingly rely upon aristocratic recommenda
中国
其中一个最古老的例子，公务员的基础上的精英，是帝国的官僚中国，这可以追溯到作为早在先秦时期（公元前221-207 ） 。在汉代（公元前202 -公元220年）孝廉制度的建议，由上级任命办公室成立。在该地区的政府当局，尤其是在军事，任命将纯粹基于一无是处。
垮台之后，汉代，中国的官僚作风将倒退到一个半绩优奖励制度称之为九级制度，但在这个系统中的崇高与生俱来成为最重要的先决条件之一，获取更权威的职位。
这一制度被推翻期间短暂隋代（ 581-618 ） ，发起了一个公务员的官僚作风招聘的笔试，并提出建议。以下的唐代（ 618-907 ）将采取同样的措施，起草官员，并会decreasingly依靠贵族的建议和更多的晋升后的基础上，书面考试。