请英语高手帮忙翻译一下,小女子不胜感激!(ノ? 3 ?)ノ

来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/05/29 06:02:44
唐朝时我国封建经济高度发达、文化高度发达的时期,公文水平也达到了很高的高度,官方公文,就达十余种之多,下行文有:策书、制书、诏书、戒敕;上行文有:章、奏、表、驳议等。而三省制度是隋炀帝时期建立的,经过唐太宗观时期加以完善,到高宗武则天统治时期开始出现变化的中央政治体制。到开元十一年该政事堂为中书门下以后,三省制就为中书门下体制所取代。作为中央政治体制,三省制的含义很,包括以皇帝为中心的国家最高权力的运作中三间的关系问题,即三省作为三个独立的机构如何在最高权力的层面连接为一个整体的问题。既有最高行政体制的问题,也有最高决策体制的问题。但是,在中国古代专制主义中央集权的政治体制中,决策和行政并不在权力机构及其运作中加以区分。三省的分工不是按照决策、行政的平面分工,而是在分层决策和分层政的政治体系中。处于不同的环节上发挥作用。与隋朝相比,唐在行政体制中出现了一些新的特点,而这些新的特点是建立在新的公文运作机制基础上的。体现在上行公文部分就是奏抄成为公文的主体,体现在下行主题则是尚书省手白官百司之公文而付门下或者总数。对于下行文书,尚书省则是受门下签署之制敕而付外施行。

During the Tang dynasty of China's feudal economy is highly developed and highly developed culture of the period, the documents have reached a high level of high, official documents, as many as over a dozen species, under the text there is: book policy, system book, rescript, Imperial Ring ; on the text are as follows: Chapter, playing, table, such as forwarding you. And the Emperor during the three provinces in the system are set up, and after a period of time to perfect the concept of Tang, to the reign of Emperor Wu of the central authorities began to change the political system. Kaiyuan eleven years to the book for subglottic政事堂, the three provinces in the system for the book to replace the subglottal system. As the central political system, the three provinces is the meaning of system, including the emperor as the center of the country the highest authority in the operation of the relationship between the three questions, namely, the three provinces as independent instituti