中译英! 拒绝非人工翻译！！ 翻译的好，奖励。。

来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/05/17 09:10:51
皮亚杰以同化和顺应释明了主体认知结构与环境刺激之间关系，同化时主体把刺激整合于自己的认知结构内，一定的环境刺激只有被个体同化（吸收）于他的认知结构（图式）之中，主体才能对之作出反应。或者说，主体之所以能对刺激作出反应，也就是因为主体已具有使这个刺激被同化（吸收）的结构，使得这个结构具有对之作出反应的能力。认知结构由于受到被同化刺激的影响而发生改变，这就是顺应，不作出这种改变（顺应），同化就无法运行。简言之刺激输入的过滤或改变叫做同化，而内部结构的改变以适应现实就叫做顺应。同化与顺应之间的平衡过程，就是认识的适应，也即是人的智慧行为的实质所在。
同化不能改变或更新图式，顺应则能起得这种作用。但皮亚杰认为，对智力结构的形成主要有功的机能是同化。顺应使结构得到改变，但却是同化过程中主体动作反复重复和概括导致了结构的形成。
运算是皮亚杰理论的主要概念之一。在这里运算指的是心理运算。什么是运算？运算是动作，是内化了的、可逆的、有守恒前提、有逻辑结构的动作。从这个定义中可看出，运算或心理运算不四个重要特征：

Piaget's assimilation and response to address the cognitive understanding of the main structure and the relationship between environmental stimuli, assimilation, when integrated into the main body to stimulate their cognitive structure, a certain degree of environmental stimuli only by individual assimilation (absorption) in his cognitive structure (schema), the main body to react to. In other words, the main reason to respond to the stimulus, that is because the main body so that the stimulus is already assimilated (absorbed) of the structure, made of this structure has the capacity to respond. Cognitive structure was due to the effects of assimilation to stimulate change, and that is responsive, not to make such a change (adapt),
Assimilation will not be able to run. In short stimulus input or change the filter is called assimilation, and internal structure in order to adapt to the changes in response to reality is called. Assimilation and response to the balance between