化工 防晒方面的翻译 1. Introduction

来源:百度知道 编辑:UC知道 时间:2024/06/10 16:00:43
During recent years there has been a growing interest on sunscreen technology.The well known harmful effects of UVB and UVA radiation from the sun and artificial sources have led to the development of new and innovative filters. So far, sunscreens have been designed to protect against erythema, that is mainly an UVB effect, but there is a number of sunscreens that can also protect against the long wavelengths of the UVA range. The customary use of sunscreens in the condition of exposure is recommended in order to reduce significantly the level of UV irradiation. Actually the official and internationally accepted method for sunscreen tests is the in vivo sun protection factor (SPF) method based on the COLIPA standard . The in vivo method is expensive and time consuming, factors that make it difficult to adopt in routine quality control. Moreover,in vivo tests to assess UVA protection, such as PPD or IPD , often result in not reproducible and controversial results. As a consequence, a lo

在最近几年出现了越来越大的兴趣就防晒工艺众所周知有害影响UVB和长波紫外线的太阳辐射和人工源已导致发展新的和创新的过滤器。到目前为止,防晒霜的目的是为了防止红斑,这是主要是紫外线的效果,但有一些防晒霜还可以防止长期的紫外线波长范围内。习惯使用防晒霜中暴露的状况,建议,以便大大减少紫外线照射水平。事实上,官方和国际公认的方法是防晒测试体内防晒系数( SPF值)方法的基础上COLIPA标准。体内方法昂贵而费时,因素,很难通过常规的质量控制。此外,在体内试验,以评估紫外线保护,如结核菌素或知识产权署,往往造成不重复性和有争议的结果。因此,大量的努力一直致力于发展技术,在体外进行评估的光保护能力防晒产品。防晒霜在体外试验的基础上吸收或反射测量上应用适当的防晒紫外线透明基板。这些方法生产的估计数的保护因素相关,所取得的成果在体内照片测试人的主题。原则上,应该有基板的光学和物理化学特性接近皮肤。最常采用基板Transpore ,体外皮肤,粗糙石英板和有机玻璃板。研究采用离人类角质层和离人类表皮的报告,但生物性质,这些材料介绍了实际
的问题。选择基板是一个非常关键的问题是防晒测试不同衬底上并不总是重现,尤其是当基板/防晒霜是辐照
之前或期间测试。此外,当某一基板用于其他参数可以影响最终的体外SPF值。众所周知,之间的相关性的实验研究
数据依赖于数量的产品,也适用于从制定防晒霜。以获取对应关系在体外和体内的SPF的数据,初步校准必须进行不同的防晒产品标示的SPF值的不同。校准应当为每个仪表使用,每一种方法通过(基板,防晒申请额等) ,以及每种类型的防晒配方(牛奶,凝胶等) 。但是,不同的衬底材料可适合在体外试验。本文介绍了高性能的材料,特氟隆(聚四氟乙烯) ,这比以往任何时候都考虑SPF和光稳定性测试。