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来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/17 10:52:34
The Rise of Commercial Agriculture
As the Middle Ages waned, increasing communications, the commercial revolution, and the rise of cities in Western Europe tended to turn agriculture away from subsistence farming toward the growing of crops for sale outside the community (commercial agriculture). In Britain the practice of inclosure allowed landlords to set aside plots of land, formerly subject to common rights, for intensive cropping or fenced pasturage, leading to efficient production of single crops.
In the 16th and 17th cent. horticulture was greatly developed and contributed to the so-called agricultural revolution. Exploration and intercontinental trade, as well as scientific investigation, led to the development of horticultural knowledge of various crops and the exchange of farming methods and products, such as the potato, which was introduced from America along with beans and corn (maize) and became almost as common in N Europe as rice is in SE Asia.
As the Middle Ages waned, increasing communications, the commercial revolution, and the rise of cities in Western Europe tended to turn agriculture away from subsistence farming toward the growing of crops for sale outside the community (commercial agriculture). In Britain the practice of inclosure allowed landlords to set aside plots of land, formerly subject to common rights, for intensive cropping or fenced pasturage, leading to efficient production of single crops.
In the 16th and 17th cent. horticulture was greatly developed and contributed to the so-called agricultural revolution. Exploration and intercontinental trade, as well as scientific investigation, led to the development of horticultural knowledge of various crops and the exchange of farming methods and products, such as the potato, which was introduced from America along with beans and corn (maize) and became almost as common in N Europe as rice is in SE Asia.
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商业性农业的崛起
随着中世纪的逐步退出，日趋增多的通讯、商业化革命以及西欧城市的崛起使得农业从温饱型农业转向种植销往本地区以外的各种农作物（商业化农业）。英国的圈地运动使得地主可以将原本属于共同产权的大片土地用于密集种植或围栏放牧，这就形成了有效的单一农作物生产。
在十六世纪和十七世纪，园艺不仅得到了长足的发展，并且也推动了所谓的农业革命。探索和洲际贸易以及科学调查导致了作物园艺知识的发展，以及农耕方式和产品的交换，例如从美国与大豆和玉米一同引进的土豆，使得土豆在北欧变得就像东南亚的稻米那样普遍了。