UC知道关于贸易壁垒的翻译(不要用网上翻译工具,告诉我大概意思就可)
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/05/15 05:22:18
1 Quotas
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Countries have circumvented this regulation most notably for textiles, footwear by negotiating (imposing) “voluntary export restraint agreements”.
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Under quotas, if future domestic demand is known, business can be subtract the quota and have a reasonable idea of their future production levels. Under tariffs domestic products must estimate the elasticity of the demand curve for imported products and the future movements in world prices. On the other hand, if domestic demand declines, a fixed quota will take up a large percent of the depressed domestic market, whereas under a tariff domestic producers are largely unaffected.
2 Buy National Restrictions
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The US has a wide rang of “buy American” regulations at the national and state levels which national defense is sometimes limited to American producers or requires a high price discount below the US price for foreign suppliers.
During the Tokyo round of the GATT negotia
……
Countries have circumvented this regulation most notably for textiles, footwear by negotiating (imposing) “voluntary export restraint agreements”.
……
Under quotas, if future domestic demand is known, business can be subtract the quota and have a reasonable idea of their future production levels. Under tariffs domestic products must estimate the elasticity of the demand curve for imported products and the future movements in world prices. On the other hand, if domestic demand declines, a fixed quota will take up a large percent of the depressed domestic market, whereas under a tariff domestic producers are largely unaffected.
2 Buy National Restrictions
……
The US has a wide rang of “buy American” regulations at the national and state levels which national defense is sometimes limited to American producers or requires a high price discount below the US price for foreign suppliers.
During the Tokyo round of the GATT negotia
1.配额
各国通过协商（征税）撤销对特别的纺织品，鞋类的相关规定“自动出口限制协议”
在配额许可下，若了解将来国内需求，买卖可减去配额，并对他们将来的生产标准有一个合理的概念。在国内征收关税的产品，必须通过对进口产品的需求状况进行评估，以及未来世界价格走势。另一方面，若国内需求下降，一个固定的配额在低靡的国内市场将开始占很大百分比，但是国内产品的关税在很大程度上不受影响。
2.国家采购限制
美国有一个大环“采购美国”的限制，即在国内和各州采取国内保护，不时限制美国的厂家或是要求一个高价折扣低于美国对外国厂商的价格。
在GATT协商的东京回合，一个微小代码泄漏了政府与外国厂商已协商的合同。现在政府至少必须宣布采购合同并且接受外国厂商的投标。然而政府始终没有要求做一个公开的竞标价格或是挑选中标者。