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Cuticular lipids and desiccation resistance in overwintering larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Abstract
Within their gall, larvae of the goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) experience severe desiccating conditions as well as highly variable thermal conditions and extreme cold during winter. Through the autumn and early winter, field-collected larvae acquired markedly enhanced resistance to desiccation and freezing. At the same time, they increased their cuticular surface hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons were the major lipid class extracted by hexane or chloroform from the cuticular surface of overwintering gall fly larvae. The major hydrocarbon classes were the 2-methylalkanes which consisted mainly of 2-methyltriacontane. 2-Methyltriacontane comprised 48–68% of the total hydrocarbons during the larval stages. Total hydrocarbons increased from 122 ng/larva in early third instar larvae collected in September to 4900 ng/larva in those c
Abstract
Within their gall, larvae of the goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) experience severe desiccating conditions as well as highly variable thermal conditions and extreme cold during winter. Through the autumn and early winter, field-collected larvae acquired markedly enhanced resistance to desiccation and freezing. At the same time, they increased their cuticular surface hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons were the major lipid class extracted by hexane or chloroform from the cuticular surface of overwintering gall fly larvae. The major hydrocarbon classes were the 2-methylalkanes which consisted mainly of 2-methyltriacontane. 2-Methyltriacontane comprised 48–68% of the total hydrocarbons during the larval stages. Total hydrocarbons increased from 122 ng/larva in early third instar larvae collected in September to 4900 ng/larva in those c
角质层脂质及脱水阻力越冬幼虫的虫瘿一枝飞， eurosta solidaginis （双翅目：实蝇科）
摘要
其瘿，幼虫的虫瘿一枝飞（ eurosta solidaginis ）经历严重的干燥条件以及高度变热条件和极端寒冷的冬天。通过秋季和初冬，野外采集幼虫后天明显增强抵抗干燥和冻结。在此同时，他们增加了其表面角质层的碳氢化合物。碳氢化合物主要油脂类提取正己烷氯仿或从表面角质层越冬虫瘿苍蝇幼虫。主要油气班2 methylalkanes其中主要包括2 methyltriacontane 。 2 methyltriacontane包括1948年至1968年则占总碳氢化合物在幼虫阶段。总烃上升至122微克/幼虫在三月初幼虫收集九月4900微克/幼虫采集一月。虽然洗的表面角质层，用氯仿或氯仿：甲醇（ 2:1 ，五：五）造成明显上升率失水，治疗正己烷和甲醇无甚影响失水率。
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