UC知道【帮忙】一段英文翻译！！急
来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/06/16 13:08:19
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies -and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed thateffective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response w
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response w
有一段时间过去，它已被广泛接受的婴儿和其他动物学习的事情，因为某些行为，导致“奖励” ;有是没有理由怀疑，这是正确的。但它也用于被广泛认为thateffective奖励，至少在初期阶段，必须有直接的关系等基本生理（生理的） “驱动器”为干渴或饥饿。在其他换言之，一个婴儿会了解，如果他得到的食物或饮料的某种形式的身体舒适，而不是相反。
这是现在很清楚，事实并非如此。婴儿将学习如何做人的方式，产生的结果在世界上没有任何报酬，除取得成功的结果。
帕保谢克开始了他的研究，用牛奶在正常的方式“报酬”婴儿等，教导他们进行一些简单的运动，如把头部向一方或另一方。然后他发现一名女婴谁已经听够喝，会拒绝牛奶，但仍然会继续下去，使学到的反应具有明确的迹象，很高兴。于是他开始研究儿童的反应的情况下，对牛奶提供了依据。他很快就发现，儿童青少年为四个月他们的元首，以左，右，如果运动“开关” 。展示灯-事实上，他们有能力学习相当复杂，轮流实现这一结果，举例来说，两个左或右二，或什至使许多三轮流一方。
papusek的光显示是直接放在在前面的婴儿和他取得了一个有趣的观察，有时他们会不会回头看灯的紧密合作，虽然他们将“以微笑和泡沫”时，来显示对。帕保谢克得出结论认为，这不是主要的景象，灯光，其中很高兴他们，这是他们成功的实现在解决这个问题，在掌握技能，并存在着一种基本人权的呼吁作出意识，世界上并使其根据故意控制。