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3. Results and discussion
3.1. Effect of coagulation on permeate flux
A series of alum doses was used for coagulating source water with dosages ranging from 0 to 50 rag/1. The effect of alum dose is shown in Fig. 2 with a transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 0.12 MPa. Results reveal that alum as the coagulant made a beneficial contribution to the limit permeate flux. The raw water flux declined from 80 to 60 l/m2h after 60 rain. The lowest alum doses (I0 and 20 nag/l) appear to have had little effect on membrane performance. Higher doses, however, reduced the extent of flux decline after filtration with the same time. The presence of the coagulant increased the quality of sand filtrated water, which resulted in the higher flux.
3.2. Effect of coagulation on particle removal
In this study turbidity was used to monitor membrane separation efficiency. Turbidity is a qualitative measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a process stream and is measured in nephelomet
3.1. Effect of coagulation on permeate flux
A series of alum doses was used for coagulating source water with dosages ranging from 0 to 50 rag/1. The effect of alum dose is shown in Fig. 2 with a transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 0.12 MPa. Results reveal that alum as the coagulant made a beneficial contribution to the limit permeate flux. The raw water flux declined from 80 to 60 l/m2h after 60 rain. The lowest alum doses (I0 and 20 nag/l) appear to have had little effect on membrane performance. Higher doses, however, reduced the extent of flux decline after filtration with the same time. The presence of the coagulant increased the quality of sand filtrated water, which resulted in the higher flux.
3.2. Effect of coagulation on particle removal
In this study turbidity was used to monitor membrane separation efficiency. Turbidity is a qualitative measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a process stream and is measured in nephelomet
3 。结果和讨论
3.1 。凝固的影响渗透通量
一系列的明矾剂量用于混凝水源与剂量范围从0到50毫克/ 1 。明矾的作用剂量显示图。 2 ，以跨膜压力苄氨嘧啶（ TMP ）的0.12兆帕。结果表明，明矾作为凝固剂作出了有益的贡献到了极限渗透通量。原水通量下降，从80至60 l/m2h后60雨。明矾的最低剂量（可达20唠叨/升）似乎没有什么影响膜的性能。高剂量的，但是，减少的程度，通量下降过滤后用同样的时间。在场的情况下增加混凝剂的质量砂过滤水，导致更高的流量。
3.2 。影响凝血粒子去除
在这项研究中浊度是用于监测膜分离效率。混浊度是衡量质量的数额溶解固体流的过程中，是衡量散射浊度单位（台大） 。图。 3显示锐减浊度： 99 ％以上被淘汰不同混凝剂补充。约98 ％的计算数量的粒子中发现的一系列2-8 ＃米的原水。平均粒子数量的原水，沙过滤水和超滤水给出了图。 4 。该超滤膜表明粒子计数，其中20岁以下的粒子每毫升不同混凝剂。这证实膜没有受损在测试期间。