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来源：百度知道 编辑：UC知道 时间：2024/05/02 09:46:27
老子作为道家学派的创始人，完成了古代思想从鬼神观念到“道”的飞跃，具有朴素的辨证思想；政治上主张“无为”，要求统治者顺应时代和民心，反对采用严刑峻法，以达到天下大治。故秦汉以来，每逢大乱平息，人民急需休养生息时，无为而治的思想就受到重视。战国时，庄子继承发挥了老子的思想，但因在老子消极政治上无所作为。东汉中后期兴起的道教，已不是纯粹的道家思想，对我国后世文化有深远影响。
孔子作为儒家学派的创始人，其思想体系的核心是“仁”，主张以爱人之心调解与和谐社会人际关系，具有古典人道主义性质。它适应了奴隶制宗法制崩溃以后的新社会。战国时期的孟子将孔子的“仁”发展为“仁政”学说。其核心内容是“民为贵”、“君为轻”，反对苛政，这是古代政治思想中民主性的精华。应该说，儒家思想有利于长治久安，缓和阶级矛盾，但孔孟思想对于当时的兼并战争和统一趋势是“远水”，故未被当时统治者接受。秦统一后焚书坑儒，儒家思想遭受摧残。西汉武帝时，为适应君主专制中央集权的需要，董仲舒对儒学作了发挥，提出“君权神授”，“大一统”思想。汉武帝采纳了他“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”的建议，儒家思想逐渐发展成为封建社会的统治思想。其实，汉武帝统治思想本质是尊儒尚法，外儒内法。此后的儒家思想是儒、法、道以及宗教迷信的揉和，适应了巩固专制主义中央集权、巩固统一和维护封建统治的需要。其后虽有佛、道与之争锋，但始终不敌深入人心的儒学。
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The father took Taoism school of thought the founder, has completedthe ancient times thought from the ghosts and gods idea "the road" theleap, has the simple dialectical thought; In politics advocated "theinactivity", requests the ruler to comply with the time and thepopular sentiment, opposed uses the draconian laws, achieves peacefuland unitary. Therefore since the Qin and Han Dynasty, every time hasmet greatly randomly subsides, when the people's urgent need rests andbuilds up strength, governs by non-interference the thought receivestakes. When Warring States, Zhuang-zi inherited has displayed father'sthought, but because accomplished nothing in the father negativepolitics. In the Eastern Han Dynasty the later period emerges theTaoism, already was not the pure Taoism thought, had the profoundinfluence to our country later generation culture.
Kong Zi took Confucianist school of thought the founder, its ideologycore is "the kernel", advo