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The LSB females began to oviposit in mid-March and laid eggs vigorously from earlyApril to early June and then successively entered the declining stage of oviposition in 1996 inGuangzhou. Eighty-six percent of the LSB eggs were laid in the peak period of oviposion(Fig.1).
3.2 Analysis of mortal factors ofT. papillosaeggs
Table 1 and 2 show that mortal factorsofT. papillosaeggs in both IPM and CC litchiorchards might be classified into four categories. 1) lost: the marked eggs lost; 2) attackedby unknown predators; 3) parasitized by egg parasites; 4) intact: unhatched but showingno indication of parasitism and predation. Parasitism rate and wasp species were analysed.
3.3 The species of egg parasitoids and the percentage of parasitized LSB eggs
There were two species of egg parasitoids,A. japonicusandO. phongi,emergedfrom the collected egg masses in IPM litchi orchard.A. japonicusemerged from eggs laidin late March, but th
3.1 发行经常papillosaeggs
LSB 女性苍劲地开始了对oviposit 在三月中旬和下的蛋从earlyApril 到上旬6月和连续地然后输入oviposition 下降的阶段1996 年inGuangzhou 。LSB 蛋的百分之八十六下了在高峰期的oviposion(Fig.1) 。
3.2 对临死因素经常papillosaeggs 的分析
表1 和2 表示, 临死factorsofT. papillosaeggs 在IPM 和CC litchiorchards 也许被分类入四个类别。1) 丢失: 明显的蛋丢失; 2) attackedby 未知的掠食性动物; 3) 由蛋寄生生物寄生于; 4) 原封: 寄生和掠夺行为的unhatched 但showingno 征兆。寄生率和黄蜂种类被分析了。
3.3 蛋parasitoids 的种类和寄生于的LSB 蛋的百分比
有蛋parasitoids 的二个种类, A. japonicusandO. phongi, 被收集的蛋大量在IPM 荔枝orchard.A. japonicusemerged 从蛋laidin 下旬3月的emergedfrom, 但人口密度这个黄蜂是非常降低。蛋寄生于的byA. 的率清楚地japonicusincreased 在5月和一样高获得了象18.4% 在midJune 。诞生日期ofO. phongiwas 更晚比那ofA. japonicus.Therewere 唯一fewO. phongieclosions 从LSB 蛋放置在5月2 日; 但是, 这个黄蜂寄生到达了22.8% 和30.4% 在5月6月9 日和6 日, 各自地。Eggparasitoids 明显地减少了LSB 蛋的舱口盖百分比(Fig.2,3 和表1) 。
只一speciesof 蛋parasitoid, A. japonicus, 被发现了从蛋被收集的inCC 荔枝领域, 并且蛋的率由这个黄蜂寄生于是只2.8% 即使LSB oviposition 的inthe 高峰期。它wasvery 低。farmerswere insecticideswidely 喷洒在CC 荔枝果树园当蛋被标记在4月5月28 日和15 日。resultshowe